Schizophrenia Research
Volume 125, Issue 2 , Pages 247-256 , February 2011

A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis

  • David L. Penn

      Affiliations

    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, United States
    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, United States
    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Outreach and Support Intervention Services Program, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, United States.
  • ,
  • Sarah R. Uzenoff

      Affiliations

    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, United States
  • ,
  • Diana Perkins

      Affiliations

    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, United States
    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Outreach and Support Intervention Services Program, United States
  • ,
  • Kim T. Mueser

      Affiliations

    • Dartmouth Medical School, United States
  • ,
  • Robert Hamer

      Affiliations

    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, United States
  • ,
  • Evan Waldheter

      Affiliations

    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, United States
  • ,
  • Sylvia Saade

      Affiliations

    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, United States
    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Outreach and Support Intervention Services Program, United States
  • ,
  • Liz Cook

      Affiliations

    • University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, United States

Received 22 April 2010 ,Accepted 5 August 2010.

References 

  1. Addington J, Gleeson J. Implementing cognitive–behavioural therapy for first-episode psychosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187(suppl. 48):s72–s76
  2. Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E. Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;163(Suppl 22):39–44
  3. Birchwood M, Todd P, Jackson C. Early intervention in psychosis: the critical period hypothesis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;172(Suppl. 33):53–59
  4. Dickerson FB, Origoni AE, Pater A, Friedman BK, Kordonski WM. An expanded version of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale: anchors and interview probes for the assessment of adults with serious mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal. 2003;39(2):131–137
  5. Dolder CR, Lacro JP, Warren KA, Golshan S, Perkins DO, Jeste DV. Brief evaluation of medication influences and beliefs: development and testing of a brief scale for medication adherence. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2004;24(4):404–409
  6. Drake RE, Mueser KT, McHugo GJ. Clinician rating scales: Alcohol Use Scale (AUS), Drug Use Scale (DUS), and Substance Abuse Treatment Scale (SATS). In:  Sederer LI,  Dickey B editor. Outcomes Assessment in Clinical Practice. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1996;p. 113–116
  7. Edwards J, Hinton M, Elkins K, Anthanasopoulos O. Cannabis and first-episode psychosis: the CAP project. In:  Graham H,  Mueser KT,  Birchwood M,  Copello A editor. Substance Misuse in Psychosis: Approaches to Treatment and Service Delivery. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2003;p. 283–304
  8. Edwards J, Elkins K, Hinton M, Harrigan S, Donovan K, Athanasopoulos O, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a cannabis-focused intervention for young people with first-episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavica. 2006;114(2):
  9. Fowler D, Hodgekins J, Painter M, Reilly T, Crane C, Macmillan I, et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for improving social recovery in psychosis: a report from the ISREP MRC Trial Platform study (Improving Social Recovery in Early Psychosis). Psychological Medicine. 2009;39(10):1627–1636
  10. Gleeson JFM, Cotton SM, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Wade D, Gee D, Crisp K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of relapse prevention therapy for first-episode psychosis patients. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2009;70(4):477–486
  11. Goodman SH, Sewell DR, Cooley EL, Leavitt N. Assessing levels of adaptive functioning: the Role Functioning Scale. Community Mental Health Journal. 1993;29(2):119–131
  12. Haddock G, Lewis S. Psychological interventions in early psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2005;31(3):697–704
  13. Harvey P-O, Lepage M, Malla A. Benefits of enriched intervention compared with standard care for patients with recent-onset psychosis: a metaanalytic approach. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;52:464–472
  14. Heinrichs DW, Hanlon TE, Carpenter WT. The Quality of Life Scale: an instrument for rating the schizophrenic deficit syndrome. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1984;10(3):388–398
  15. Jackson H, McGorry P, Edwards J, Hulbert C, Henry L, Harrigan S, et al. A controlled trial of cognitively oriented psychotherapy for early psychosis (COPE) with four-year hollow-up readmission data. Psychological Medicine. 2005;35:1–12
  16. Jackson HJ, McGorry PD, Killackey E, Bendall S, Allott K, Dudgeon P, et al. Acute phase and 1-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial of CBT versus befriending for first-episode psychosis: the ACE project. Psychological Medicine. 2008;38(5):725–735
  17. Jackson C, Trower P, Reid I, Smith J, Hall M, Townend M, et al. Improving psychological adjustment following a first episode of psychosis: a randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy to reduce post psychotic trauma symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2009;47:454–462
  18. Kavanagh DJ, Young R, White A, Saunders JB, Wallis J, Shockley N, et al. A brief motivational intervention for substance misuse in recent-onset psychosis. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2004;23:151–155
  19. Kay SR, Opler LA, Lindenmayer J-P. Reliability and validity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research. 1988;23(1):99–110
  20. Kenward MG, Roger JH. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics. 1997;53(3):983–997
  21. King LA. The health benefits of writing about life goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2001;27(7):798–807
  22. Kraemer HC, Mintz J, Noda A, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. Caution regarding the use of pilot studies to guide power calculations for study proposals. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2006;63(5):484–489
  23. Lecomte T, Leclerc C, Corbière M, Wykes T, Wallace CJ, Spidel A. Group cognitive behavior therapy or social skills training for individuals with a recent onset of psychosis? Results of a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(12):866–875
  24. Lewis S, Tarrier N, Haddock G, Bentall R, Kinderman P, Kingdon D, et al. Randomised controlled trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy in early schizophrenia: acute-phase outcomes. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;181(Suppl. 43):s91–s97
  25. Malla AK, Norman RM, Joober R. First-episode psychosis, early intervention, and outcome: what have we learned?. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;50(14):881–891
  26. Mueser KT, Drake RE. How does a practice become evidence-based?. In:  Drake RE,  Merrens MR,  Lynde DW editor. Evidence-Based Mental Health Practice: a Textbook. New York, NY US: W W Norton & Co; 2005;p. 217–241
  27. Patterson TL, Moscona S, McKibbin CL, Davidson K, Jeste DV. Social skills performance assessment among older patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2001;48(2–3):351–360
  28. Penn DL, Waldheter EJ, Perkins DO, Mueser KT, Lieberman JA. Psychosocial treatment for first-episode psychosis: a research update. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162:2220–2232
  29. Power P, Bell RJ, Mills R, Herrman-Doig T, Davern M, Henry L, et al. Suicide prevention in first episode psychosis: the development of a randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for acutely suicidal patients with early psychosis. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;37:414–420
  30. Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989;57(6):1069–1081
  31. Saksa JR, Cohen SJ, Srihari VH, Woods SW. Cognitive behavior therapy for early psychosis: a comprehensive review of individual vs. group treatment studies. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy. 2009;59(3):357–383
  32. Tarrier N, Lewis S, Haddock G, Bentall R, Drake R, Kinderman P, et al. Cognitive–behavioural therapy in first-episode and early schizophrenia: 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;184(3):231–239
  33. Tarrier N, Haddock G, Lewis S, Drake R, Gregg L. Suicide behaviour over 18months in recent onset schizophrenic patients: the effects of CBT. Schizophrenia Research. 2006;83:15–27
  34. Tauber R, Wallace CJ, Lecomte T. Enlisting indigenous community supporters in skills training programs for persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services. 2000;51(11):1428–1432
  35. The Psychological Corporation . Manual for the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1999;
  36. Uzenoff SR, Perkins DO, Hamer RM, Wiesen CA, Penn DL. A preliminary trial of adherence-coping-education (ACE) therapy for early psychosis. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2008;196(7):572–575correction, 196(510), 780
  37. Waldheter EJ, Penn DL, Perkins DO, Mueser KT, Owens LW, Cook E. The Graduated Recovery Intervention Program for first episode psychosis: treatment development and preliminary data. Community Mental Health Journal. 2008;44(6):443–455
  38. Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1990;55(3–4):610–617

PII: S0920-9964(10)01452-0

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.006

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 125, Issue 2 , Pages 247-256 , February 2011