Schizophrenia Research
Volume 119, Issue 1 , Pages 131-137 , June 2010

Effect of antipsychotic treatment on Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and cortisol in schizophrenia: A longitudinal study

  • Ganesan Venkatasubramanian

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore — 560029, India
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. The Metabolic Clinic in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore — 560029, Karnataka, India. Tel.: +91 80 26995256; fax: +91 80 26564830.
    • These authors have made equally significant contributions.
    • ,
  • Seetharamaiah Chittiprol

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore — 560029, India
    • Current affiliation: Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
    • These authors have made equally significant contributions.
    • ,
  • Narendran Neelakantachar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore — 560029, India
    • ,
  • Taranath Shetty

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore — 560029, India
    • ,
  • Bangalore N. Gangadhar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore — 560029, India

Received 1 December 2009 ,Revised 27 January 2010 ,Accepted 28 January 2010.

References 

  1. Altar CA, Hunt RA, Jurata LW, Webster MJ, Derby E, Gallagher P, et al. Insulin, IGF-1, and muscarinic agonists modulate schizophrenia-associated genes in human neuroblastoma cells. Biol. Psychiatry. 2008;64:1077–1087
  2. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa; 1983;
  3. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa; 1984;
  4. Cannon M, Jones PB, Murray RM. Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: historical and meta-analytic review. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159:1080–1092
  5. Cianfarani S, Germani D, Rossi L, Argiro G, Boemi S, Lemon M, et al. IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 are related to cortisol in human cord blood. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1998;138:524–529
  6. Clarke MC, Harley M, Cannon M. The role of obstetric events in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2006;32:3–8
  7. DeLisi LE, Shaw SH, Crow TJ, Shields G, Smith AB, Larach VW, et al. A genome-wide scan for linkage to chromosomal regions in 382 sibling pairs with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159:803–812
  8. Dore S, Kar S, Quirion R. Insulin-like growth factor I protects and rescues hippocampal neurons against beta-amyloid- and human amylin-induced toxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997;94:4772–4777
  9. Eleftheriades M, Creatsas G, Nicolaides K. Fetal growth restriction and postnatal development. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2006;1092:319–330
  10. Fatemi SH, Folsom TD. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, revisited. Schizophr. Bull. 2009;35:528–548
  11. Girgis RR, Javitch JA, Lieberman JA. Antipsychotic drug mechanisms: links between therapeutic effects, metabolic side effects and the insulin signaling pathway. Mol. Psychiatry. 2008;13:918–929
  12. Gisabella B, Bolshakov VY, Benes FM. Regulation of synaptic plasticity in a schizophrenia model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005;102:13301–13306
  13. Glover V, O'Connor T, O'Donnell K. Prenatal Stress and the Programming of the HPA Axis. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2009;
  14. Gluckman PD, Guan J, Williams C, Scheepens A, Zhang R, Bennet L, et al. Asphyxial brain injury—the role of the IGF system. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1998;140:95–99
  15. Gohlke BC, Huber A, Bartmann P, Fimmers R, Hecher K, Bouret SG, et al. Cord blood leptin and IGF-I in relation to birth weight differences and head circumference in monozygotic twins. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006;19:3–9
  16. Gunnell D, Holly JM. Hypothesis: do insulin-like growth factors underlie associations of birth complications, fetal and pre-adult growth with schizophrenia?. Schizophr. Res. 2004;71:191–193
  17. Guy W. Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS). ECDEU Assessment Manual for Pharmacology. Rockville, Md: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1976;
  18. Harrison PJ. Schizophrenia susceptibility genes and neurodevelopment. Biol. Psychiatry. 2007;61:1119–1120
  19. Heckers S. The hippocampus in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2004;161:2138–2139
  20. Kirkpatrick B, Messias E, Harvey PD, Fernandez-Egea E, Bowie CR. Is schizophrenia a syndrome of accelerated aging?. Schizophr. Bull. 2008;34:1024–1032
  21. Kunugi H, Nanko S, Murray RM. Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: prenatal underdevelopment and subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment. Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. 2001;40:s25–s29
  22. Li J. A two-step rejection procedure for testing multiple hypotheses. J. Stat. Plan. Inference. 2008;138:1521–1527
  23. Li J, Forhead AJ, Dauncey MJ, Gilmour RS, Fowden AL. Control of growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I expression by cortisol in ovine fetal skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. 2002;541:581–589
  24. Lovallo WR, Robinson JL, Glahn DC, Fox PT. Acute Effects of Hydrocortisone on the Human Brain: An fMRI Study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;
  25. Lupien SJ, de Leon M, de Santi S, Convit A, Tarshish C, Nair NP, et al. Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Nat. Neurosci. 1998;1:69–73
  26. Mann K, Rossbach W, Muller MJ, Muller-Siecheneder F, Pott T, Linde I, et al. Nocturnal hormone profiles in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006;31:256–264
  27. McCarthy TL, Centrella M, Canalis E. Cortisol inhibits the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-I in skeletal cells. Endocrinology. 1990;126:1569–1575
  28. McMillen IC, Adams MB, Ross JT, Coulter CL, Simonetta G, Owens JA, et al. Fetal growth restriction: adaptations and consequences. Reproduction. 2001;122:195–204
  29. McNeil TF, Cantor-Graae E, Ismail B. Obstetric complications and congenital malformation in schizophrenia. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 2000;31:166–178
  30. Mohan V, Deepa R, Deepa M, Somannavar S, Datta M. A simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for screening for undiagnosed diabetic subjects. J. Assoc. Phys. India. 2005;53:759–763
  31. Morrison JL. Sheep models of intrauterine growth restriction: fetal adaptations and consequences. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2008;35:730–743
  32. Muck-Seler D, Pivac N, Jakovljevic M, Brzovic Z. Platelet serotonin, plasma cortisol, and dexamethasone suppression test in schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry. 1999;45:1433–1439
  33. Netchine I, Azzi S, Houang M, Seurin D, Perin L, Ricort JM, et al. Partial primary deficiency of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I activity associated with IGF1 mutation demonstrates its critical role in growth and brain development. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2009;94:3913–3921
  34. Nowatzke W, Woolf E. Best practices during bioanalytical method validation for the characterization of assay reagents and the evaluation of analyte stability in assay standards, quality controls, and study samples. AAPS J. 2007;9:E117–E122
  35. Perrin MA, Chen H, Sandberg DE, Malaspina D, Brown AS. Growth trajectory during early life and risk of adult schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2007;191:512–520
  36. Phillips LJ, McGorry PD, Garner B, Thompson KN, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, et al. Stress, the hippocampus and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: implications for the development of psychotic disorders. Aust. NZ J. Psychiatry. 2006;40:725–741
  37. Popken GJ, Hodge RD, Ye P, Zhang J, Ng W, O'Kusky JR, et al. In vivo effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on prenatal and early postnatal development of the central nervous system. Eur. J. NeuroSci. 2004;19:2056–2068
  38. Port RL, Seybold KS. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity as a biological substrate underlying episodic psychosis. Biol. Psychiatry. 1995;37:318–324
  39. Rapoport JL, Addington AM, Frangou S, Psych MR. The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005. Mol. Psychiatry. 2005;10:434–449
  40. Rasmussen F. Paternal age, size at birth, and size in young adulthood — risk factors for schizophrenia. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2006;155:S65–S69
  41. Ryan MC, Sharifi N, Condren R, Thakore JH. Evidence of basal pituitary–adrenal overactivity in first episode, drug naive patients with schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29:1065–1070
  42. Seckl JR. Glucocorticoids, developmental ‘programming’ and the risk of affective dysfunction. Prog. Brain Res. 2008;167:17–34
  43. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl 20):22–33(quiz 34–57)
  44. Tandon R, Mazzara C, DeQuardo J, Craig KA, Meador-Woodruff JH, Goldman R, et al. Dexamethasone suppression test in schizophrenia: relationship to symptomatology, ventricular enlargement, and outcome. Biol. Psychiatry. 1991;29:953–964
  45. Venkatasubramanian G, Chittiprol S, Neelakantachar N, Naveen MN, Thirthall J, Gangadhar BN, et al. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 abnormalities in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2007;164:1557–1560
  46. Waddington JL, Torrey EF, Crow TJ, Hirsch SR. Schizophrenia, neurodevelopment, and disease. The Fifth Biannual Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia, Badgastein, Austria, January 28 to February 3, 1990. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1991;48:271–273
  47. Walker E, Mittal V, Tessner K. Stress and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in the developmental course of schizophrenia. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2008;4:189–216
  48. Walsh P, Spelman L, Sharifi N, Thakore JH. Male patients with paranoid schizophrenia have greater ACTH and cortisol secretion in response to metoclopramide-induced AVP release. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005;30:431–437
  49. Yeung MY, Smyth JP. Nutritionally regulated hormonal factors in prolonged postnatal growth retardation and its associated adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in extreme prematurity. Biol. Neonate. 2003;84:1–23
  50. Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY, Wu GY, Shen YC. Cortisol and cytokines in chronic and treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia: association with psychopathology and response to antipsychotics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30:1532–1538

PII: S0920-9964(10)00086-1

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.033

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 119, Issue 1 , Pages 131-137 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution