Schizophrenia Research
Volume 116, Issue 1 , Pages 44-48 , January 2010

Effects of clozapine and olanzapine on cortical thickness in childhood-onset schizophrenia

Received 5 August 2009 ,Revised 19 October 2009 ,Accepted 19 October 2009.

References 

  1. Arango C, Moreno C, Martinez S, Parellada M, Desco M, Moreno D, et al. Longitudinal brain changes in early-onset psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 2008;34:341–353
  2. Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Berquin PC, Walter JM, Sharp W, Tran T, et al. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2001;58:289–295
  3. Chakos MH, Lieberman JA, Bilder RM, Borenstein M, Lerner G, Bogerts B, et al. Increase in caudate nuclei volumes of first-episode schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1994;151:1430–1436
  4. Corson PW, Nopoulos P, Miller DD, Arndt S, Andreasen NC. Change in basal ganglia volume over 2years in patients with schizophrenia: typical versus atypical neuroleptics. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1999;156:1200–1204
  5. Dazzan P, Morgan KD, Orr K, Hutchinson G, Chitnis X, Suckling J, et al. Different effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on grey matter in first episode psychosis: the AESOP study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30:765–774
  6. Delisi LE, Sakuma M, Maurizio AM, Relja M, Hoff AL. Cerebral ventricular change over the first 10years after the onset of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2004;130:57–70
  7. Delisi LE, Szulc KU, Bertisch HC, Majcher M, Brown K. Understanding structural brain changes in schizophrenia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8:71–78
  8. Dorph-Petersen KA, Pierri JN, Perel JM, Sun Z, Sampson AR, Lewis DA. The influence of chronic exposure to antipsychotic medications on brain size before and after tissue fixation: a comparison of haloperidol and olanzapine in macaque monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30:1649–1661
  9. Garver DL, Holcomb JA, Christensen JD. Cerebral cortical gray expansion associated with two second-generation antipsychotics. Biol. Psychiatry. 2005;58:62–66
  10. Genovese CR, Lazar NA, Nichols T. Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate. Neuroimage. 2002;15:870–878
  11. Giedd JN, Jeffries NO, Blumenthal J, Castellanos FX, Vaituzis AC, Fernandez T, et al. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: progressive brain changes during adolescence. Biol. Psychiatry. 1999;46:892–898
  12. Gogtay N. Cortical brain development in schizophrenia: insights from neuroimaging studies in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2008;34:30–36
  13. Gogtay N, Greenstein D, Lenane M, Clasen L, Sharp W, Gochman P, et al. Cortical brain development in nonpsychotic siblings of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2007;64:772–780
  14. Gogtay N, Ordonez A, Herman DH, Hayashi KM, Greenstein D, Vaituzis C, et al. Dynamic mapping of cortical development before and after the onset of pediatric bipolar illness. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2007;48:852–862
  15. Gogtay N, Rapoport J. Clozapine use in children and adolescents. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2008;9:459–465
  16. Gogtay N, Sporn A, Clasen LS, Nugent TF, Greenstein D, Nicolson R, et al. Comparison of progressive cortical gray matter loss in childhood-onset schizophrenia with that in childhood-onset atypical psychoses. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2004;61:17–22
  17. Goldman AL, Pezawas L, Mattay VS, Fischl B, Verchinski BA, Chen Q, et al. Widespread reductions of cortical thickness in schizophrenia and spectrum disorders and evidence of heritability. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2009;66:467–477
  18. Greenstein D, Lerch J, Shaw P, Clasen L, Giedd J, Gochman P, et al. Childhood onset schizophrenia: cortical brain abnormalities as young adults. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2006;47:1003–1012
  19. Greenstein DK, Wolfe S, Gochman P, Rapoport JL, Gogtay N. Remission status and cortical thickness in childhood-onset schizophrenia. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 2008;47 (10), 1133–1140
  20. Gur RE, Maany V, Mozley PD, Swanson C, Bilker W, Gur RC. Subcortical MRI volumes in neuroleptic-naive and treated patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155:1711–1717
  21. Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS, Haznedar MM, Newmark R, Goldstein KE, Zelmanova Y, et al. Cortical gray and white matter volume in unmedicated schizotypal and schizophrenia patients. Schizophr. Res. 2008;101:111–123
  22. Ho BC, Andreasen NC, Nopoulos P, Arndt S, Magnotta V, Flaum M. Progressive structural brain abnormalities and their relationship to clinical outcome: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study early in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2003;60:585–594
  23. Jacobsen LK, Giedd JN, Castellanos FX, Vaituzis AC, Hamburger SD, Kumra S, et al. Progressive reduction of temporal lobe structures in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155:678–685
  24. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch. gen. psychiatry. 1988;45:789–796
  25. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch. gen. psychiatry. 1988;45:789–796
  26. Kane JM. Clinical efficacy of clozapine in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: an overview. Br. J. Psychiatr., Suppl. 1992;41–45
  27. Keshavan MS, Bagwell WW, Haas GL, Sweeney JA, Schooler NR, Pettegrew JW. Changes in caudate volume with neuroleptic treatment. Lancet. 1994;344:1434
  28. Khorram B, Lang DJ, Kopala LC, Vandorpe RA, Rui Q, Goghari VM, et al. Reduced thalamic volume in patients with chronic schizophrenia after switching from typical antipsychotic medications to olanzapine. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2006;163:2005–2007
  29. Kim JS, Singh V, Lee JK, Lerch J, Ad-Dab'bagh Y, Macdonald D, et al. Automated 3-D extraction and evaluation of the inner and outer cortical surfaces using a Laplacian map and partial volume effect classification. Neuroimage. 2005;27:210–221
  30. Lerch JP, Evans AC. Cortical thickness analysis examined through power analysis and a population simulation. Neuroimage. 2005;24:163–173
  31. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, Mcevoy JP, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005;353:1209–1223
  32. Lieberman JA, Tollefson GD, Charles C, Zipursky R, Sharma T, Kahn RS, et al. Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2005;62:361–370
  33. Macdonald D, Kabani N, Avis D, Evans AC. Automated 3-D extraction of inner and outer surfaces of cerebral cortex from MRI. Neuroimage. 2000;12:340–356
  34. Mcevoy JP, Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, Davis SM, Meltzer HY, Rosenheck RA, et al. Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2006;163:600–610
  35. McKenna, K., Gordon, C.T., Rapoport, J.L., 1994. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: timely neurobiological research. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 33, 771–781.
  36. Molina V, Reig S, Sanz J, Palomo T, Benito C, Sanchez J, et al. Increase in gray matter and decrease in white matter volumes in the cortex during treatment with atypical neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2005;80:61–71
  37. Moreno D, Burdalo M, Reig S, Parellada M, Zabala A, Desco M, et al. Structural neuroimaging in adolescents with a first psychotic episode. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 2005;44:1151–1157
  38. Pantelis C, Velakoulis D, Mcgorry PD, Wood SJ, Suckling J, Phillips LJ, et al. Neuroanatomical abnormalities before and after onset of psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI comparison. Lancet. 2003;361:281–288
  39. Rapoport JL, Giedd JN, Blumenthal J, Hamburger S, Jeffries N, Fernandez T, et al. Progressive cortical change during adolescence in childhood-onset schizophrenia. A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1999;56:649–654
  40. Reig S, Moreno C, Moreno D, Burdalo M, Janssen J, Parellada M, et al. Progression of brain volume changes in adolescent-onset psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 2009;35:233–243
  41. Scherk H, Falkai P. Effects of antipsychotics on brain structure. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2006;19:145–150
  42. Shaw P, Sporn A, Gogtay N, Overman GP, Greenstein D, Gochman P, et al. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized clozapine–olanzapine comparison. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2006;63:721–730
  43. Sled JG, Zijdenbos AP, Evans AC. A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 1998;17:87–97
  44. Thompson PM, Bartzokis G, Hayashi KM, Klunder AD, Lu PH, Edwards N, et al. Time-lapse mapping of cortical changes in schizophrenia with different treatments. Cereb. Cortex. 2009;19:1107–1123
  45. Thompson PM, Vidal C, Giedd JN, Gochman P, Blumenthal J, Nicolson R, et al. Mapping adolescent brain change reveals dynamic wave of accelerated gray matter loss in very early-onset schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001;98:11650–11655
  46. Van Haren NE, Hulshoff Pol HE, Schnack HG, Cahn W, Brans R, Carati I, et al. Progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia over the course of the illness: evidence of maturational abnormalities in early adulthood. Biol. Psychiatry. 2008;63:106–113
  47. Zijdenbos AP, Forghani R, Evans AC. Automatic “pipeline” analysis of 3-D MRI data for clinical trials: application to multiple sclerosis. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 2002;21:1280–1291

PII: S0920-9964(09)00540-4

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.10.018

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 116, Issue 1 , Pages 44-48 , January 2010