Schizophrenia Research
Volume 117, Issue 1 , Pages 52-60 , March 2010

Discriminant analysis in schizophrenia and healthy subjects using prefrontal activation during frontal lobe tasks: A near-infrared spectroscopy

  • Michiyo Azechi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan. Tel.: +81 6 6879 3051; fax: +81 6 6879 3059.
    • ,
  • Masao Iwase

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • ,
  • Koji Ikezawa

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • ,
  • Hidetoshi Takahashi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
    • ,
  • Leonides Canuet

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • ,
  • Ryu Kurimoto

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • ,
  • Takayuki Nakahachi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • ,
  • Ryouhei Ishii

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • ,
  • Motoyuki Fukumoto

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
    • ,
  • Kazutaka Ohi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
    • ,
  • Yuka Yasuda

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
    • ,
  • Hiroaki Kazui

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • ,
  • Ryota Hashimoto

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology), JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
    • ,
  • Masatoshi Takeda

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
    • The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Received 25 March 2009 ,Revised 25 September 2009 ,Accepted 4 October 2009.

References 

  1. Abou-Saleh MT. Neuroimaging in psychiatry: an update. J. Psychosom. Res. 2006;61:289–293
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  3. Arango C, Bartko JJ, Gold JM, Buchanan RW. Prediction of neuropsychological performance by neurological signs in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1999;156:1349–1357
  4. Arnold S, Trojanowski J. Recent advances in defining the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Acta Neuropathol. 1996;92:217–231
  5. Bilder RM, Goldman RS, Volavka J, Czobor P, Hoptman M, Sheitman B, et al. Neurocognitive effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159:1018–1028
  6. Bogerts B, Ashtari M, Degreef G, Alvir JM, Bilder RM, Lieberman JA. Reduced temporal limbic structure volumes on magnetic resonance images in first episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1990;35:1–13
  7. Callicot JH, Bertolino A, Mattay VS, Langheim FJP, Duyn J, Coppola R, et al. Physiological dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia revisited. Cereb. Cortex. 2000;10:1078–1092
  8. Carter CS, Perlstein W, Ganguli R, Brar J, Mintun M, Cohen JD. Functional hypofrontality and working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155:1285–1287
  9. Cope M, Delpy D. System for long-term measurement of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation on new born infants by near infra-red transillumination. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 1988;26:289–294
  10. Curtis VA, Bullmore ET, Brammer MJ, Wright IC, Williams SC, Morris RG, et al. Attenuated frontal activation during a verbal fluency task in patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155:1056–1063
  11. Davatzikos C, Shen D, Gur RC, Wu X, Liu D, Fan Y, et al. Whole-brain morphometric study of schizophrenia revealing a spatially complex set of focal abnormalities. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2005;62:1218–1227
  12. First M, Spitzer R, Gibbon M, Williams JB. In: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition. (SCID-I/P). Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York. 2002;
  13. Fletcher P. The missing link: a failure of fronto-hippocampal integration in schizophrenia. Nat. Neurosci. 1998;1:266–267
  14. Folley BS, Park S. Verbal creativity and schizotypal personality in relation to prefrontal hemispheric laterality: a behavioral and near-infrared optical imaging study. Schizophr. Res. 2005;15:271–282
  15. Goldberg T, Weinberger D. Effects of neuroleptic medications on the cognition of patients with schizophrenia: a review of recent studies. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1996;57:62–65
  16. Gras-Vincendon A, Danion JM, Grangé D, Bilik M, Willard-Schroeder D, Sichel JP, et al. Explicit memory, repetition priming and cognitive skill learning in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1994;13:117–126
  17. Harrison P. Neuropathology of schizophrenia. Psychiatry. 2005;4:18–21
  18. Heckers S, Rauch S, Goff D, Savage C, Schacter D, Fischman A, et al. Impaired recruitment of the hippocampus during conscious recollection in schizophrenia. Nat. Neurosci. 1998;1(4):318–323
  19. Hock C, Villringer K, Muller-Spahn F, Wenzel R, Heekeren H, Schuh-Hofer S, et al. Decrease in parietal cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation during performance of a verbal fluency task in patients with Alzheimer's disease monitored by means of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): correlation with simultaneous rCBF-PET measurements. Brain Res. 1997;755:293–303
  20. Homan RW, Herman J, Purdy P. Cerebral location of international 10–20 system electrode placement. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1987;66:376–382
  21. Hoshi Y, Kobayashi N, Tamura M. Interpretation of near-infrared spectroscopy signals: a study with a newly developed perfused rat brain model. J. Appl. Physiol. 2001;90:1657–1662
  22. Hoshi Y, Shinba T, Sato C, Doi N. Resting hypofrontality in schizophrenia: a study using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Schizophr. Res. 2006;84:411–420
  23. Ikezawa K, Iwase M, Ishii R, Azechi M, Canuet L, Ohi K, et al. Impaired regional hemodynamic response in schizophrenia during multiple prefrontal activation tasks: a two-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Schizophr. Res. 2009;108:93–103
  24. Ito M, Fukuda M, Suto T, Uehara T, Mikuni M. Increased and decreased cortical reactivities in novelty seeking and persistence: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study in healthy subjects. Neuropsychobiology. 2005;52:45–54
  25. Jobsis FF. Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters. Science. 1977;198:1264–1267
  26. Kameyama M, Fukuda M, Yamagishi Y, Sato T, Uehara T, Ito M, et al. Frontal lobe function in bipolar disorder: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. NeuroImage. 2006;29:172–184
  27. Kato M. Prefrontal lobes and attentional control: a neuropsychological study using the modified Stroop test. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2001;41:1134–1136(In Japanese)
  28. Kawasaki Y, Suzuki M, Kherif F, Takahashi T, Zhou SY, Nakamura K, et al. Multivariate voxel-based morphometry successfully differentiates schizophrenia patients from healthy controls. NeuroImage. 2007;34:235–242
  29. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1987;13:261–276
  30. Kojima T, Matsushima E, Ohta K, Toru M, Han YH, Shen YC, et al. Stability of exploratory eye movements as a marker of schizophrenia—a WHO multi-center study. World Health Organization. Schizophr. Res. 2001;52:203–213
  31. Kubota Y, Toichi M, Shimizu M, Mason RA, Coconcea CM, Findling RL, et al. Prefrontal activation during verbal fluency tests in schizophrenia—a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study. Schizophr. Res. 2005;77:65–73
  32. Laurens KR, Kiehl KA, Ngan ET, Liddle PF. Attention orienting dysfunction during salient novel stimulus processing in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2005;75:159–171
  33. Leontieva L, Rostova J, Tunick R, Golovko S, Harkulich J, Ploutz-Snyder R. Cross-cultural diagnostic applicability of the Pictogram Test. J. Pers. Assess. 2008;90:165–174
  34. Levy AV, Gomez-Mont F, Volkow ND, Corona JF, Brodie JD, Cancro R. Spatial low frequency pattern analysis in positron emission tomography: a study between normals and schizophrenics. J. Nucl. Med. 1991;33:287–295
  35. Matsuoka K, Uno M, Kasai K, Koyama K, Kim Y. Estimation of premorbid IQ in individuals with Alzheimer's disease using Japanese ideographic script (Kanji) compound words: Japanese version of National Adult Reading Test. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2006;60:332–339
  36. Matsushima E, Kojima T, Ohta K, Obayashi S, Nakajima K, Kakuma T, et al. Exploratory eye movement dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia: possibility as a discriminator for schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1998;32:289–295
  37. Midorikawa A, Hashimoto R, Noguchi H, Saitoh O, Kunugi H, Nakamura K. Impairment of motor dexterity in schizophrenia assessed by a novel finger movement test. Psychiatry Res. 2008;159:281–289
  38. Morihisa JM, Duffy FH, Wyatt RJ. Brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) in schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1983;40:719–728
  39. Nakahachi T, Ishii R, Iwase M, Canuet L, Takahashi H, Kurimoto R, et al. Frontal activity during the digit symbol substitution test determined by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuropsychobiology. 2008;57:151–158
  40. Okada E, Delpy DT. Near-infrared light propagation in an adult head model. I. Modeling of low-level scattering in the cerebrospinal fluid layer. Appl. Opt. 2003;42:2906–2914
  41. Okada E, Delpy DT. Near-infrared light propagation in an adult head model. II. Effect of superficial tissue thickness on the sensitivity of the near-infrared spectroscopy signal. Appl. Opt. 2003;42:2915–2922
  42. Okamoto M, Dan H, Sakamoto K, Takeo K, Shimizu K, Kohno S, et al. Three-dimensional probabilistic anatomical cranio-cerebral correlation via the international 10–20 system oriented for transcranial functional brain mapping. NeuroImage. 2004;21:99–111
  43. Sternberg S. High-speed scanning in human memory. Science. 1966;153:652–654
  44. Stroop JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 1935;18:643–662
  45. Suto T, Fukuda M, Ito M, Uehara T, Mikuni M. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy in depression and schizophrenia:cognitive activation study. Biol. Psychiatry. 2004;55:501–511
  46. Takizawa R, Kasai K, Kawakubo Y, Marumo K, Kawasaki S, Yamasue H, et al. Reduced frontopolar activation during verbal fluency task in schizophrenia: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Schizophr. Res. 2008;99:250–262
  47. Toronov V, Webb A, Choi JH, Wolf M, Michalos A, Gratton E, et al. Investigation of human brain hemodynamics by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Med. Phys. 2001;28:521–527
  48. Torrey EF. Schizophrenia and the inferior parietal lobule. Schizophr. Res. 2007;97:215–225
  49. Villringer A, Chance B. Non-invasive optical spectroscopy and imaging of human brain function. Trends Neurosci. 1997;20:435–442
  50. Volkow ND, Wolf AP, Brodie JD, Cancro R, Overall JE, Rhoades H, et al. Brain interactions in chronic schizophrenics under resting and activation conditions. Schizophr. Res. 1988;1:47–53
  51. Watanabe A, Kato T. Cerebrovascular response to cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Schizophr. Bull. 2004;30:435–444
  52. Weinberger D, Berman K, Suddath R, Torrey E. Evidence of dysfunction of prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1992;149:890–897
  53. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992;
  54. Yoon U, Lee JM, Im K, Shin YW, Cho BH, Kim IY, et al. Pattern classification using principal components of cortical thickness and its discriminative pattern in schizophrenia. NeuroImage. 2007;34:1405–1415
  55. Zysset S, Müller K, Lohmann G, von Cramon DY. Color-word matching Stroop task: separating interference and response conflict. NeuroImage. 2001;13:29–36

PII: S0920-9964(09)00490-3

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.10.003

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 117, Issue 1 , Pages 52-60 , March 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution