Childhood trauma and prodromal symptoms among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Received 25 September 2008; received in revised form 3 December 2008; accepted 8 December 2008. published online 27 January 2009.
Abstract
Introduction
Numerous studies point to an association between childhood trauma and the later development of psychotic illness. However, little is known about the prevalence of childhood trauma and its relationship to attenuated positive and other symptoms in individuals at heightened clinical risk for psychosis.
Method
Thirty clinical high-risk patients (83% male, 43% Caucasian, and with a mean age of 19) were ascertained from the New York metropolitan area and evaluated for prodromal and affective symptoms, and queried regarding experiences of childhood trauma and abuse.
Results
Ninety-seven percent endorsed at least one general trauma experience, 83% reported physical abuse, 67% emotional abuse, and 27% sexual abuse. As hypothesized, total trauma exposure was positively associated with severity of attenuated positive symptoms (in particular grandiosity), an effect primarily accounted for by ethnic minority participants, who reported greater exposure to trauma. Trauma exposure was related to affective symptoms only in the Caucasian subgroup.
Conclusions
Childhood trauma was commonly self-reported, especially among clinical high-risk patients from ethnic minorities, for whom trauma was related to positive symptoms. Future areas of research include an evaluation of potential mechanisms for this relationship, including neuroendocrine and subcortical dopaminergic function.
aColumbia University, Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, NY, NY, 10032, United States
bNew York University, Department of Psychiatry, 550 First Ave, Millhauser Labs, Rm HN323, NY, NY, 10016-6481, United States
Corresponding author. New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Box 55, New York, NY 10032, United States. Tel.: +1 212 543 5505; fax: +1 212 543 6176.
1 Currently at Long Island University, Department of Psychology and New York University, Department of Psychiatry.
ABSTRACT