Schizophrenia Research
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 308-311 , January 2007

Cognitive enhancement therapy improves emotional intelligence in early course schizophrenia: Preliminary effects

  • Shaun M. Eack

      Affiliations

    • Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
  • ,
  • Gerard E. Hogarty

      Affiliations

    • Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
  • ,
  • Deborah P. Greenwald

      Affiliations

    • Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
  • ,
  • Susan S. Hogarty

      Affiliations

    • Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
  • ,
  • Matcheri S. Keshavan

      Affiliations

    • Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.

Received 13 June 2006 ,Revised 12 August 2006 ,Accepted 16 August 2006.

References 

  1. Brune M. Emotion recognition, ‘theory of mind,’ and social behavior in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2005;133(2–3):135–147
  2. Carter CS. Understanding the glass ceiling for functional outcome in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2006;163(3):356–358
  3. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed.. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988;
  4. Corrigan PW, Toomey R. Interpersonal problem solving and information processing in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1995;21(3):395–403
  5. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-Patient Edition. New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1996;
  6. Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1996;153(3):321–330
  7. Green MF, Kern RS, Braff DL, Mintz J. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the right stuff?. Schizophr. Bull. 2000;26(1):119–136
  8. Green MF, Olivier B, Crawley JN, Penn DL, Silverstein S. Social cognition in schizophrenia: recommendations from the measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia new approaches conference. Schizophr. Bull. 2005;31(4):882–887
  9. Hogarty GE. Personal Therapy for Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: A Guide to Individualized Treatment. New York: Guilford; 2002;
  10. Hogarty GE, Flesher S. Developmental theory for a cognitive enhancement therapy of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1999;25(4):677–692
  11. Hogarty GE, Greenwald DP. Cognitive Enhancement Therapy: The Training Manual. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center: Authors. www.CognitiveEnhancementTherapy.com2006;Available through
  12. Hogarty GE, Flesher S, Ulrich R, Carter M, Greenwald D, Pogue-Geile M, et al. Cognitive enhancement therapy for schizophrenia. Effects of a 2-year randomized trial on cognition and behavior. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2004;61(9):866–876
  13. Hogarty, G. E., Greenwald, D. P., Eack, S. M., in press. Cognitive Enhancement Therapy: Durability and mechanism of effects. Psychiatr. Serv.
  14. Keshavan M. Rehabilitation, Brain Function and Early Schizophrenia. NIMH Grant MH60902. 2005;
  15. Keshavan MS, Hogarty GE. Brain maturational processes and delayed onset in schizophrenia. Dev. Psychopathol. 1999;11(3):525–543
  16. Mayer JD, Salovey P. What is emotional intelligence?. In:  Salovey P,  Sluyter D editor. Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators. New York: Basic Books; 1997;p. 3–31
  17. Mayer JD, Salovey P, Caruso DR, Sitarenios G. Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. Emotion. 2003;3(1):97–105
  18. Mueser KT, Doonan R, Penn DL, Blanchard JJ, Bellack AS, Nishith P, et al. Emotion recognition and social competence in chronic schizophrenia. J. Abnorm. Psychology. 1996;105(2):271–275
  19. Penn DL, Spaulding W, Reed D, Sullivan M. The relationship of social cognition to ward behavior in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1996;20(3):327–335
  20. Penn DL, Corrigan PW, Bentall RP, Racenstein J, Newman L. Social cognition in schizophrenia. Psychol. Bull. 1997;121(1):114–132
  21. Pinkham AE, Penn DL, Perkins DO, Lieberman J. Implications for the neural basis of social cognition for the study of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2003;160(5):815–824
  22. Thaker GK, Carpenter WT. Advances in schizophrenia. Nat. Med. 2001;7(6):667–671
  23. Vauth R, Rusch N, Wirtz M, Corrigan PW. Does social cognition influence the relation between neurocognitive deficits and vocational functioning in schizophrenia?. Psychiatry Res. 2004;128(2):155–165
  24. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York: Psychological Corp.; 1981;
  25. In:  Wyer RS,  Srull TK editor. Handbook of Social Cognition. Basic Processes. vol. 1:Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Association; 1994;

PII: S0920-9964(06)00361-6

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.018

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 308-311 , January 2007