Schizophrenia Research
Volume 88, Issue 1 , Pages 119-126 , December 2006

Risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychosis among individuals exposed to head injury: Case control study

  • Glynn Harrison

      Affiliations

    • Academic Unit of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Bristol BS6 6JL, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Elise Whitley

      Affiliations

    • Department of Social Medicine, Canynge Hall, University of Bristol, Whiteladies Rd, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Finn Rasmussen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Norrbacka, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +46 8 7373827; fax: +46 8 7373840.
  • ,
  • Glyn Lewis

      Affiliations

    • Academic Unit of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Bristol BS6 6JL, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Christina Dalman

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Epidemiology-PEP, Stockholm Centre of Public Health, P.O. Box 175 33, S-118 91 Stockholm, Sweden
  • ,
  • David Gunnell

      Affiliations

    • Department of Social Medicine, Canynge Hall, University of Bristol, Whiteladies Rd, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom

Received 3 March 2006 ,Revised 30 June 2006 ,Accepted 5 July 2006.

References 

  1. AbdelMalik P, Husted J, Chow EWC, Bassett AS. Childhood head injury and expression of schizophrenia in multiply affected families. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2003;60:230–236
  2. Achte KA, Hillbom E, Aalberg V. Psychoses following war brain injuries. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1969;45(1):1–18
  3. David A, Prince M. Psychosis following head injury: a critical review. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2005;76(Suppl 1):i53–i60
  4. Davison D, Bagley CR. Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: a review of the literature. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1969;113–184(special publication no. 4)
  5. Deb SS, Lyons I, Koutzoukis C, Ali I, McCarthy G. Rate of psychiatric illness 1 year after traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1999;156(3):374–378
  6. Fann JR, Burington B, Leonetti A, Jaffe K, Wayne J, Katon MD, et al. Psychiatric illness following traumatic brain injury in the adult health maintenance organization population. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2004;61:53–61
  7. Friedman G, Froom P, Sazbonm L, Grinblatt I, Shochina M, Tsenter J, et al. Apolipoprotein E-ϵ4 genotype predicts a poor outcome in survivors of traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 1999;52:244–248
  8. Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington PE. A Cognitive Model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychol. Med. 2002;31:189–195
  9. Gualtieri T, Cox DR. The delayed neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1991;5:219–232
  10. Gunnell D, Rasmussen F, Fouskakis D, Tynelius P, Harrison G. Patterns of fetal and childhood growth and the development of psychosis in young males: a cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2003;158(4):291–300
  11. Harrison G, Fouskakis D, Rasmussen F, Tynelius P, Sipos A, Gunnell D. Association between psychotic disorder and urban place of birth is not mediated by obsetric complications or childhood socio-economic position: a cohort study. Psychol. Med. 2003;33:723–731
  12. Malaspina D, Goetz RR, Friedman JH, Kaufmann CA, Faraone SV, Tsuang M, et al. Traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia in members of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder pedigrees. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2001;158:440–446
  13. McKinley A, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM. Long term psychosocial outcomes after mild head injury in early childhood. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2002;73:281–288
  14. Nielsen AS, Mortensen PB, O'Callaghan E, Mors O, Ewald H. Is head injury a risk factor for schizophrenia?. Schizophr. Res. 2001;55:93–98
  15. Qin P, Xu H, Munk Laursen T, Vestergaard M, Mortensen PB. Risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis among patients with epilepsy: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2005;331:23–25
  16. Sachdev P. Schizophrenia-like psychosis and epilepsy: the status of the association. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155(3):325–336
  17. Stata Corp. . Stata Statistical Software, Release 8.0.. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; 2003;
  18. Silver JM, Kramer R, Greenwald S, Weissman M. The association between head injuries and psychiatric disorders: findings from the New York NIMH epidemiologic catchment area study. Brain Inj. 2001;15:935–945
  19. Tienari P, Wynne LC, Sorri A, Lahti I, Läksy K, Moring J, et al. Genotype–environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: Long-term follow-up study of Finnish adoptees. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2004;84:216–222
  20. Wardaszko H. Schizophrenic and pseudo-schizophrenic symptomatology after cerebral trauma. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1966;16:101–106

PII: S0920-9964(06)00312-4

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.001

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 88, Issue 1 , Pages 119-126 , December 2006