Schizophrenia Research
Volume 77, Issue 1 , Pages 65-73 , 1 September 2005

Prefrontal activation during verbal fluency tests in schizophrenia—a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study

  • Yasutaka Kubota

      Affiliations

    • Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
    • Health and Medical Services Center, Shiga University, Shiga, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Health Service Center, Shiga University, Baba, Hikone 522-8522 Japan. Tel.: +81 749 27 1024; fax: +81 749 27 1024.
    • ,
  • Motomi Toichi

      Affiliations

    • Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
    • Health and Medical Services Center, Shiga University, Shiga, Japan
    • ,
  • Mitsue Shimizu

      Affiliations

    • Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
    • Health and Medical Services Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
    • ,
  • Richard A. Mason

      Affiliations

    • Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
    • ,
  • Christinel M. Coconcea

      Affiliations

    • Psychotic disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
    • ,
  • Robert L. Findling

      Affiliations

    • Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
    • ,
  • Kokichi Yamamoto

      Affiliations

    • Health and Medical Services Center, Shiga University, Shiga, Japan
    • ,
  • Joseph R. Calabrese

      Affiliations

    • Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA

Received 21 September 2004 ,Revised 16 January 2005 ,Accepted 17 January 2005.

References 

  1. Bilder R, Goldman R, Volavka J, Czobor P, Hoptman M, Sheitman B, et al. Neurocognitive effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159:1018–1028
  2. Bokat C, Goldberg T. Letter and category fluency in schizophrenic patients: a meta-analysis. Schizophr. Res. 2003;64:73–78
  3. Cope M, Delpy D. System for long-term measurement of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation on new born infants by near infra-red transillumination. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 1988;26:289–294
  4. Curtis VA, Bullmore ET, Morris RG, Brammer MJ, Williams SC, Simmons A, et al. Attenuated frontal activation in schizophrenia may be task dependent. Schizophr. Res. 1999;37:35–44
  5. Elvevag B, Weinstock DM, Akil M, Kleinman JE, Goldberg TE. A comparison of verbal fluency tasks in schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Schizophr. Res. 2001;51:119–126
  6. First M, Spitzer R, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders, research version, patient edition. (SCID-I/P). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2002;
  7. Goldberg T, Weinberger D. Effects of neuroleptic medications on the cognition of patients with schizophrenia: a review of recent studies. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1996;57(Suppl. 9):62–65
  8. Goldberg TE, Aloia MS, Gourovitch ML, Missar D, Pickar D, Weinberger DR. Cognitive substrates of thought disorder: I. The semantic system. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155:1671–1676
  9. Gourovitch ML, Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR. Verbal fluency deficits in patients with schizophrenia: semantic fluency is differentially impaired as compared with phonological fluency. Neuropsychology. 1996;10:573–577
  10. Gourovitch ML, Kirkby BS, Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR, Gold JM, Esposito G, et al. A comparison of rCBF patterns during letter and semantic fluency. Neuropsychology. 2000;14:353–360
  11. Gratton G, Maier JS, Fabinai M, Mantulin WW, Gratton E. Feasibility of intracranial near-infrared optical scanning. Psychophysiology. 1994;31:211–215
  12. Herrmann MJ, Ehlis AC, Fallgatter AJ. Frontal activation during a verbal-fluency task as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Brain Res. Bull. 2003;61:51–56
  13. Homan RW, Herman J, Purdy P. Cerebral location of international 10–20 system electrode placement. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1987;66:376–382
  14. Jobsis FF. Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters. Science. 1977;198:1264–1267
  15. Joyce EM, Collinson SL, Crichton P. Verbal fluency in schizophrenia: relationship with executive function, semantic memory and clinical alogia. Psychol. Med. 1996;26:39–49
  16. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1987;13:261–276
  17. Kremen WS, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Is there disproportionate impairment in semantic or phonemic fluency in schizophrenia?. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2003;9:79–88
  18. Martin A, Wiggs CL, Lalonde F, Mack C. Word retrieval to letter and semantic cues: a double dissociation in normal subjects using interference tasks. Neuropsychologia. 1994;32:1487–1494
  19. Mummery CJ, Patterson K, Hodges JR, Wise RJ. Generating ‘tiger’ as an animal name or a word beginning with T: differences in brain activation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. 1996;263:989–995
  20. Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971;9:97–113
  21. Phillips TJ, James AC, Crow TJ, Collinson SL. Semantic fluency is impaired but phonemic and design fluency are preserved in early-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2004;70:215–222
  22. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl. 20):22–33
  23. Stuss DT, Alexander MP, Hamer L, Palumbo C, Dempster R, Binns M, et al. The effects of focal anterior and posterior brain lesions on verbal fluency. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 1998;4:265–278
  24. Toichi M, Findling RL, Kubota Y, Calabrese JR, Wiznitzer M, McNamara NK, et al. Hemodynamic differences in the activation of the prefrontal cortex: attention vs. higher cognitive processing. Neuropsychologia. 2004;42:698–706
  25. Villringer A, Chance B. Non-invasive optical spectroscopy and imaging of human brain function. Trends Neurosci. 1997;20:435–442
  26. Watanabe A, Kato T. Cerebrovascular response to cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Schizophr. Bull. 2004;30:435–444
  27. Wechsler D. Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised. New York: Psychological Corporation; 1981;
  28. Wood AG, Saling MM, Abbott DF, Jackson GD. A neurocognitive account of frontal lobe involvement in orthographic lexical retrieval: an fMRI study. NeuroImage. 2001;14:162–169

PII: S0920-9964(05)00046-0

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.01.007

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 77, Issue 1 , Pages 65-73 , 1 September 2005

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution