Schizophrenia Research
Volume 76, Issue 1 , Pages 113-118 , 1 July 2005

Smoking initiation and schizophrenia: a replication study in a Spanish sample

  • Manuel Gurpegui

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
    • ,
  • José M. Martínez-Ortega

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
    • ,
  • M. Carmen Aguilar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
    • ,
  • Francisco J. Diaz

      Affiliations

    • Department of Statistics, Universidad Nacional, Medellín, Colombia
    • ,
  • Hernando M. Quintana

      Affiliations

    • Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín, Colombia
    • ,
  • Jose de Leon

      Affiliations

    • Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, 627 West Fourth St., Lexington, KY 40508, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 859 246 7487; fax: +1 859 246 7019.

Received 28 September 2004 ,Revised 23 November 2004 ,Accepted 3 December 2004.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1997;154(4 Suppl.):1–63
  2. de Leon J. Smoking and vulnerability for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1996;22:405–409
  3. de Leon J, Diaz FJ, Rogers T, Browne D, Dinsmore L. Initiation of daily smoking and nicotine dependence in schizophrenia and mood disorders. Schizophr. Res. 2002;56:47–54
  4. Elkhazen C, Chauchot F, Canceil O, Krebs MO, Bayle FJ. Prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia. Encephale. 2003;29:469–477(in French)
  5. First, M.B., Spitzer, R.L., Gibbon, M., Williams, J.B.W., 1994. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (clinician version). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
  6. Fagerstrom KO, Kunze M, Schoberberger R, Breslau N, Hughes JR, Hurt RD, et al. Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparison among countries and categories of smokers. Tob. Control. 1996;5:52–56
  7. Freedman R, Coon H, Myles-Worsley M, Orr-Urtreger A, Olincy A, Davis A, et al. Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit in schizophrenia to a chromosome 15 locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997;94:587–592
  8. Gurpegui M, Aguilar MC, Martínez-Ortega JM, Diaz FJ, de Leon J. Caffeine intake in outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2004;34:(in press)
  9. Klein JP, Moeschberger ML. Survival analysis. Techniques for censored and truncated data. New York: Springer; 1997;
  10. Leonard S, Gault J, Adams C, Breese CR, Rollins Y, Adler LE, et al. Nicotinic receptors, smoking and schizophrenia. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 1998;12:195–201
  11. Lobo A, Pérez-Echeverría MJ, Artal J. Validity of the scaled version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in a Spanish population. Psychol. Med. 1986;16:135–140
  12. Martínez-Ortega JM, Gurpegui M, Díaz FJ, de Leon J. Tobacco and schizophrenia. Adicciones. 2004;16(Suppl. 2):177–190(in Spanish)
  13. McGlashan TH. Commentary: progress, issues, and implications in prodromal research: an inside view. Schizophr. Bull. 2003;29:851–858
  14. Pinilla J, González B. Profile of the population of Spain with respect to the smoking habit, period 1993–1997. Eur. J. Public Health. 2001;11:346–351
  15. Zammit S, Allebeck P, Dalman C. Investigating the association between cigarette smoking and schizophrenia in a cohort study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2003;160:2216–2221

PII: S0920-9964(04)00464-5

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.12.007

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 76, Issue 1 , Pages 113-118 , 1 July 2005

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