Schizophrenia Research
Volume 73, Issue 2 , Pages 173-184 , 1 March 2005

Prodromal interventions for schizophrenia vulnerability: the risks of being “at risk”

Received 29 April 2004 ,Revised 21 May 2004 ,Accepted 28 May 2004.

References 

  1. Addington J, Van Mastrigt S, Addington D. Duration of untreated psychosis: impact on 2-year outcome. Psychol. Med. 2004;34:277–284
  2. Andrykowski MA, Lightner R, Studts JL, Munn RK. Hereditary cancer risk notification and testing: how interested is the general population?. J. Clin. Oncol. 1997;15:2139–2148
  3. Brewer WJ, Wood SJ, McGorry PD, Francey SM, Phillips LJ, Yung AR, et al. Impairment of olfactory identification ability in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis who later develop schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2003;160:1790–1794
  4. Correll CU, Parikh UH, Kane JM, Malhotra A. Changes in body composition in children and adolescents treated with second generation antipsychotics. Biol. Psychiatry. 2004;55:147S
  5. Correll CU, Parikh UH, Kane JM, Malhotra A. Second generation antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance in antipsychotic-naïve children and adolescents. Biol. Psychiatry. 2004;55:16S
  6. DeGrazia D. Ethical issues in early-intervention clinical trials involving minors at risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2001;51:77–86
  7. Drake RJ, Haley CJ, Akhtar S, Lewis SW. Causes and consequences of duration of untreated psychosis in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2000;177:511–515
  8. Easton DF, Ford D, Bishop DT. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA-1 mutation carriers. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1995;56:265–271
  9. Edwards J, Maude D, McGorry PD, Harrigan SM, Cocks JT. Prolonged recovery in first-episode psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1998;(Suppl. 172):107–116
  10. Findling RL, McNamara NK, Youngstrom EA, Branicky LA, Demeter CA, Schulz SC. A prospective, open-label trial of olanzapine in adolescents with schizophrenia. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 2003;42:170–175
  11. Ford D, Easton DF, Bishop DT, Narod SA, Goldgar DE. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Risks of cancer in BRCA1-mutation carriers. Lancet. 1994;343:692–695
  12. Ford D, Easton DF, Stratton M, Narod S, Goldgar D, Devilee P, et al. Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1998;62:676–689
  13. Frazier JA, Biederman J, Tohen M, Feldman PD, Jacobs TG, Toma V, et al. A prospective open-label treatment trial of olanzapine monotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 2001;11:239–250
  14. Gilbert DL, Batterson JR, Sethuraman G, Sallee FR. Tic reduction with risperidone versus pimozide in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 2004;43:206–214
  15. Haas GL, Garratt LS, Sweeney JA. Delay to first antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: impact on symptomatology and clinical course of illness. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1998;32:151–159
  16. Harrigan SM, McGorry PD, Krstev H. Does treatment delay in first-episode psychosis really matter?. Psychol. Med. 2003;33:97–110
  17. Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Johnson AL, MacMillan JF. The Northwick Park Study of first episodes of schizophrenia: I. Presentation of the illness and problems relating to admission. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1986;148:115–120
  18. Klosterkotter J, Hellmich M, Steinmeyer EM, Schultze-Lutter F. Diagnosing schizophrenia in the initial prodromal phase. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2001;58:158–164
  19. Koenigsberg HW, Reynolds D, Goodman M, New AS, Mitropoulou V, Trestman RL, et al. Risperidone in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003;64:628–634
  20. Larsen TK, McGlashan TH, Johannessen JO, Vibe-Hansen L. First-episode schizophrenia: II. Premorbid patterns by gender. Schizophr. Bull. 1996;22:257–269
  21. Lencz T, Smith CW, Auther AM, Correll CU, Cornblatt BA. The assessment of “prodromal schizophrenia”: unresolved issues and future directions. Schizophr. Bull. 2003;29:717–728
  22. Lieberman JA. Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disorder? A clinical and neurobiological perspective. Biol. Psychiatry. 1999;46:729–739
  23. Loebel AD, Leiberman JA, Alvir JMJ, Mayerhoff DI, Geisler SH, Szymanski SR. Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1992;149:1183–1188
  24. Marks J. In pursuit of type 1 diabetes prevention. Clin. Diabetes. 2002;20:168–169
  25. Masi G, Cosenza A, Mucci M, Brovedani P. A 3-year naturalistic study of 53 preschool children with pervasive developmental disorders treated with risperidone. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003;64:1039–1047
  26. McCracken JT, McGough J, Shah B, Cronin P, Hong D, Aman MG, et al. Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002;347:314–321
  27. McGlashan TH, Zipursky RB, Perkins DO, Addington J, Woods SW, Miller TJ, et al. Olanzapine for treatment of the schizophrenia prodrome: 2-year results of a randomized placebo-controlled study. Biol. Psychiatry. 2004;55:226S
  28. McGorry PD, Yung AR, Phillips L. Ethics and early intervention in psychosis: keeping up the pace and staying in step. Schizophr. Res. 2001;51:17–29
  29. McGorry PD, Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Yuen HP, Francey S, Cosgrave EM, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first-episode psychosis in a clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2002;59:921–928
  30. Melle I, Larsen TK, Haahr U, Friis S, Johannessen JO, Opjordsmoen S, et al. Reducing the duration of untreated first-episode psychosis: effects on clinical presentation. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2004;61:143–150
  31. Miller TJ, McGlashan TH, Rosen JL, Somjee L, Markovich PJ, Stein K, et al. Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes: preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159:863–865
  32. Miller TJ, McGlashan TH, Rosen JL, Cadenhead K, Ventura J, McFarlane W, et al. Prodromal assessment with the structured interview for prodromal syndromes and the scale of prodromal symptoms: predictive validity, interrater reliability, and training to reliability. Schizophr. Bull. 2003;29:703–715
  33. Norman RM, Malla AK. Duration of untreated psychosis: a critical examination of the concept and its importance. Psychol. Med. 2001;31:381–400
  34. Pantelis C, Velakoulis D, McGorry PD, Wood SJ, Suckling J, Phillips LJ, et al. Neuroanatomical abnormalities before and after onset of psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI comparison. Lancet. 2003;361:281–288
  35. Satagopan JM, Offit K, Foulkes W, Robson M, Wacholder S, Eng CM, et al. The lifetime risks of breast cancer in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2001;10:467–473
  36. Scahill L, Leckman JF, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Peterson BS. A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome. Neurology. 2003;60:1130–1135
  37. Tercyak KP, Johnson SB, Schatz DA. Patient and family reflections on the use of subcutaneous insulin to prevent diabetes: a retrospective evaluation from a Pilot Prevention Trial. J. Diabetes Complications. 1998;12:279–286
  38. Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Zimmet S, Wojcik J, et al. Treatment of nonpsychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia: four case studies. Biol. Psychiatry. 1999;45:1412–1418
  39. Turgay A, Binder C, Snyder R, Fisman S. Long-term safety and efficacy of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs. Pediatrics. 2002;110:e34
  40. Verdoux H, Liraud F, Bergey C, Assens F, Abalan F, van Os J. Is the association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome confounded? A two year follow-up study of first-admitted patients. Schizophr. Res. 2001;49:231–241
  41. Wexler N. In:  Pence Gregory A editors. Chapter 16; Classic Cases in Medical Ethics. 2nd edition. NY: McGraw-Hill; 1995;p. 384–412
  42. Wood SJ, Pantelis C, Proffitt T, Phillips LJ, Stuart GW, Buchanan JA, et al. Spatial working memory ability is a marker of risk-for-psychosis. Psychol. Med. 2003;33:1239–1247
  43. Yung AR, McGorry PD, McFarlane CA, Jackson HJ, Patton GC, Rakkar A. Monitoring and care of young people at incipient risk of psychosis. Schizphr. Bull. 1996;22:283–303
  44. Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Yuen HP, McGorry PD. Risk factors for psychosis in an ultra high-risk group: psychopathology and clinical features. Schizophr. Res. 2004;67:131–142
  45. Zalsman G, Carmon E, Martin A, Bensason D, Weizman A, Tyano S. Effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of risperidone in adolescents with schizophrenia: an open-label study. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 2003;13:319–327
  46. Zito JM, Safer DJ, DosReis S, Gardner JF, Magder L, Soeken K, et al. Psychotropic practice patterns for youth: a 10-year perspective. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 2003;157:17–25

PII: S0920-9964(04)00218-X

doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.05.021

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 73, Issue 2 , Pages 173-184 , 1 March 2005

Article Tools