Schizophrenia Research
Volume 65, Issue 2 , Pages 95-103 , 15 December 2003

The Maudsley Early-Onset Schizophrenia Study: cognitive function in adolescent-onset schizophrenia

  • Eugenia Kravariti

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44-20-7-848-0331; fax: +44-20-7-701-9044.
    • Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
    • ,
  • Robin G Morris

      Affiliations

    • Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, UK
    • ,
  • Sophia Rabe-Hesketh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, UK
    • ,
  • Robin M Murray

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
    • ,
  • Sophia Frangou

      Affiliations

    • Section of Neurobiology of Psychosis, Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, UK

Received 28 October 2002 ,Accepted 15 February 2003.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  2. Annett M. A classification of hand preference by association analysis. Br. J. Psychol. 1970;61:303–321
  3. Army Individual Test Battery . Manual of Directions and Scoring. Washington, DC: War Department, Adjutant General's Office; 1944;
  4. Baddeley A, Logie R, Bressi S, Della Sala S, Spinnler H. Dementia and working memory. Q. J. Exp. Psychol., A. 1986;38:603–618
  5. Basso MR, Nasrallah HA, Olson SC, Bornstein RA. Cognitive deficits distinguish patients with adolescent- and adult-onset schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. 1997;10:107–112
  6. Bazire S. Psychotropic Drug Directory 1998: The Professionals' Pocket Handbook and Aide Memoire. Wilts: Mark Allen Publishing; 1998;
  7. In:  Bezchlibnyk-Butler KZ,  Jeffries JJ editor. Clinical Handbook of Psychotropic Drugs. 10th rev. ed.. Toronto: Hogrefe and Huber; 2000;p. 71–73
  8. Bilder RM, Goldman RS, Robinson D, Reiter G, Bell L, Bates JA, et al. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2000;157:549–559
  9. Cornblatt B, Obuchowski M, Schnur D, O'Brien JD. Hillside study of risk and early detection in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1998;172(Suppl. 33):26–32
  10. DeLisi LE. The significance of age of onset for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1992;18:209–215
  11. Elliott R, McKenna PJ, Robbins TW, Sahakian BI. Specific neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenic patients with preserved intellectual function. Cogn. Neuropsychiatry. 1998;3:45–70
  12. Erickson WD, Yellin AM, Hopwood JH, Realmuto GM, Greenberg LM. The effects of neuroleptics on attention in adolescent schizophrenics. Biol. Psychiatry. 1984;19:745–753
  13. Feigenbaum JD, Polkey CE, Morris RG. Deficits in spatial working memory after unilateral temporal lobectomy in man. Neuropsychologia. 1996;34:163–176
  14. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1997;
  15. Gold JM, Randolph C, Carpenter CJ, Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR. The performance of patients with schizophrenia on the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised. Clin. Neuropsychol. 1992;6:367–373
  16. Gordon CT, Frazier JA, McKenna K, Giedd J, Zametkin A, Zahn T, et al. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: an NIMH study in progress. Schizophr. Bull. 1994;20:697–712
  17. Granholm E, Asarnow RF, Marder SR. Dual-task performance operating characteristics, resource limitations, and automatic processing in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology. 1996;10:11–21
  18. Hawkins KA, Sullivan TE, Choi EJ. Memory deficits in schizophrenia: inadequate assimilation or true amnesia? Findings from the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 1997;22:169–179
  19. Himelhoch S, Taylor SF, Goldman RS, Tandon R. Frontal lobe tasks, antipsychotic medication, and schizophrenia syndromes. Biol. Psychiatry. 1996;39:227–229
  20. Hoff AL, Harris D, Faustman WO, Beal M, DeVilliers D, Mone RD, et al. A neuropsychological study of early onset schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1996;20:21–28
  21. Hutton SB, Puri BK, Duncan LJ, Robbins TW, Barnes TRE, Joyce EM. Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 1998;28:463–473
  22. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1987;13:261–276
  23. Kravariti E, Morris RG, Rabe-Hesketh S, Murray RM, Frangou S. The Maudsley Early Onset Schizophrenia Study: cognitive function in adolescents with recent onset schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2003;65:95–103
  24. Levander SE, Bartfai A, Schalling D. Regional cortical dysfunction in schizophrenic patients studied by computerized neuropsychological methods. Percept. Mot. Skills. 1985;61:479–495
  25. Mahurin RK, Velligan DI, Miller AL. Executive-frontal lobe cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: a symptom subtype analysis. Psychiatry Res. 1998;79:139–149
  26. McGrath J, Scheldt S, Welham J, Clair A. Performance on tests sensitive to impaired executive ability in schizophrenia, mania and well controls: acute and subacute phases. Schizophr. Res. 1997;26:127–137
  27. Morice RD, Ingram JCL. Language complexity and age of onset of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1983;9:233–242
  28. Morris RG, Ahmed S, Syed GM, Toone BK. Neural correlates of planning ability: frontal lobe activation during the Tower of London Test. Neuropsychologia. 1993;31:1367–1378
  29. Morris RG, Rushe T, Woodruff PWR, Murray RM. Problem solving in schizophrenia: a specific deficit in planning ability. Schizophr. Res. 1995;14:235–246
  30. Morris RG, Rowe A, Fox N, Feigenbaum JD, Miotto EC, Howlin P. Spatial working memory in Asperger's syndrome and in patients with focal frontal and temporal lobe lesions. Brain Cogn. 1999;41:9–26
  31. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys . Standard Occupational Classification. vol. 3. London: HMSO; 1991;
  32. Øie M, Rund BR, Sundet K, Bryhn G. Auditory laterality and selective attention: normal performance in patients with early-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1998;24:643–652
  33. Pantelis C, Barnes TRE, Nelson HE, Tanner S, Weatherley L, Owen AM, et al. Frontal–striatal cognitive deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Brain. 1997;120:1823–1843
  34. Rabe-Hesketh S, Everitt B. A Handbook of Statistical Analysis Using Stata. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press; 2000;
  35. Randolph C, Gold JM, Kozora E, Cullum CM, Hermann BP, Wyler AR. Estimating memory function: disparity of Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised and California Verbal Learning Tests indices in clinical and normal samples. Clin. Neuropsychol. 1994;8:99–108
  36. Robbins TW, James M, Owen AM, Sahakian BJ, Lawrence AD, Mcinnes L, et al. A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers: implications for theories of executive functioning and cognitive aging. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 1998;4:474–490
  37. Rund BR, Zeiner P, Sundet K, Øie M, Bryhn G. No vigilance deficit found in young schizophrenic or ADHD subjects. Scand. J. Psychol. 1998;39:101–107
  38. Rushe TM, Morris RG, Miotto EC, Feigenbaum JD, Woodruff PWR, Murray RM. Problem-solving and spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia and with focal frontal and temporal lobe lesions. Schizophr. Res. 1999;37:21–33
  39. Salamé P, Danion JM, Peretti S, Cuervo C. The state of functioning of working memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1998;30:11–29
  40. Spindler KA, Sullivan EV, Menon V, Lim KO, Pfefferbaum A. Deficits in multiple systems of working memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1997;27:1–10
  41. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation; 1981;
  42. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation; 1987;
  43. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. 3rd ed.. London, UK: The Psychological Corporation; 1992;
  44. Winder C. Some psychological studies of schizophrenics. In:  Jackson D editors. The Etiology of Schizophrenia. New York: Basic Books; 1960;p. 191–247

PII: S0920-9964(03)00067-7

doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00067-7

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 65, Issue 2 , Pages 95-103 , 15 December 2003

Article Tools