« Previous
Next »
Schizophrenia Research
Volume 59, Issue 2
, Pages 99-113
, 1 February 2003
Working memory and schizophrenia: evidence for slowed encoding
References
-
.
DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edn.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
- . Working memory control in patients with schizophrenia: a PET study during a random number generation task. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2000;157:1517–1519
- . Span of apprehension deficits during the postpsychotic stages of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1981;38:1006–1011
- . Developments in the concept of working memory. Neuropsychology. 1994;8:485–493
-
.
Structural neuroimaging and neuropsychological impairments.
In:
Pantelis C, Nelson HE, Barnes TRE editor. Schizophrenia: A Neuropsychological Perspective. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 1996;p. 279–298
- . Sensory input deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1989;146:1006–1011
- . Memory impairment and schizophrenia: the role of processing speed. Schizophr. Res. 1998;30:31–39
- . Memory and schizophrenia: differential link of processing speed and selective attention with two levels of encoding. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2000;34:121–127
-
.
Deficit of central executive component of working memory in schizophrenia.
New Trends Exp. Clin. Psychiatry. 1996;12:243–252
- . Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 1958;10:12–21
- . Attentional impairments in deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1997;154:363–370
- . The frontal lobes, basal ganglia, and temporal lobes as sites for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1990;16:379–389
- . The inheritance of neuropsychological dysfunction in twins discordant for schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2000;67:369–382
- . Spatial working memory deficits and their relationship to negative symptoms in unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Biol. Psychiatry. 1996;40:930–932
- . Anterior cingulate gyrus dysfunction and selective attention deficits in schizophrenia: [15O]H2O PET study during single-trial Stroop task performance. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1997;154:1670–1675
- . Functional hypofrontality and working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1998;155:1285–1287
-
.
A preliminary theory of the interactions between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus that contribute to planning and prospective memory.
In:
Brandimonte M, Einstein GO, McDaniel MA editor. Prospective Memory: Theory and Applications. Howe, England: Erlbaum; 1995;p. 267–295
- . Context, cortex, and dopamine: a connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia. Psychol. Rev. 1992;99:45–77
- . Context-processing deficits in schizophrenia: converging evidence from three theoretically motivated cognitive tasks. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1999;108:120–133
- . Working memory capacity predicts language comprehension in schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 1996;20:1–13
- . Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms, attention and information processing. Schizophr. Bull. 1985;11:397–408
-
.
Individual differences in working memory and reading.
J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav. 1980;19:450–466
- . The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: theoretical analysis and modeling in a neuronal network. Cereb. Cortex. 1991;1:62–79
-
.
Manual for Forms L and M: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; 1981;
-
.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. New York: New York Psychiatric Institute, Biomedical Research Division; 1996;
- . Verbal working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: use of a Brown–Peterson paradigm. Psychiatry Res. 1995;56:155–161
- . Visuospatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry. 1997;41:43–49
-
.
The Prefrontal Cortex. 2nd edn.. New York: Raven Press; 1989;
- . Auditory working memory and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1997;54:159–165
- . Capacity limitations in short-term memory in schizophrenia: tests of competing hypotheses. Psychol. Med. 1998;28:665–673
-
.
Prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia: the relevance of working memory.
In:
Carroll BJ, Barrett JE editor. Psychopathology and the Brain. New York: Raven Press; 1991;p. 1–23
- . Susceptibility to backward masking in schizophrenic patients with positive or negative symptoms. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1984;141:1273–1275
- . Backward masking in schizophrenia and mania: I. Specifying a mechanism. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1994;51:939–944
-
.
Schizophrenia, working memory, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Abstract).
J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2000;6:122
- . Accounting for age differences on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Decreased working memory, not inflexibility. Psychol. Aging. 2001;16:385–399
-
.
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual: Revised. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1993;
- . Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology. 1998;12:426–445
-
.
A study of visual auditory verbal working memory in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy subjects.
Eur. Arch. Psychiatry. 2000;250:79–85
- . Impaired precision, but normal retention, of auditory sensory (“echoic”) memory information in schizophrenia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1997;106:315–324
-
.
Working memory dysfunction and its relevance in schizophrenia.
In:
Sharma T, Harvey PD editor. Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press; 2000;p. 16–49
- . A pen-and-paper human analogue of a monkey prefrontal cortex activation task: spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1995;17:25–33
-
.
A unified account of cognitive impairments following frontal lobe damage: the role of working memory in complex, organized behavior.
J. Exp. Psychol. 1993;122:411–428
-
.
The Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome. Baltimore, MD: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine; 1989;
-
.
Ocular-motor delayed-response task performance among schizophrenia patients.
Biol. Psychiatry. 1996;34:67–71
- . Frontal/executive impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1996;22:125–137
-
.
Manual for Cognistat (The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination). Fairfax, CA: The Northern California Neurobehavioral Group; 1995;
- . Information-processing abnormalities as neuropsychological vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1994;90:71–79
- . Selective deficits in visual perception and recognition in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1996;153:687–692
- . Orienting and schizophrenia: stimulus significance, attention, and distraction in a signaled reaction time task. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1986;95:326–334
-
.
Multiple testing and statistical power with modified Bonferroni procedures.
J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 1997;22:389–406
-
.
Schizophrenics show working memory deficits.
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1992;49:563–568
- . Association of working memory deficit and eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1993;11:55–61
- . Spatial working memory deficits in the relatives of schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1995;52:821–828
-
.
Individual differences in spatial working memory in relation to schizotypy.
J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1995;105:355–364
- . Spatial working memory deficits and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: a 4-month follow-up study. Biol. Psychiatry. 1999;46:392–400
- . Short-term retention of individual verbal items. J. Exp. Psychol. 1959;58:193–198
- . Release from proactive interference: determinants of performance and neuropsychological correlates. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 1992;14:785–800
- . Eye movement task measures inhibition and spatial working memory in adults with schizophrenia, ADHD, and a normal comparison group. Psychiatry Res. 2000;95:35–42
- . The state of functioning of working memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1998;30:11–29
- . Micro Experimental Laboratory: an integrated system for IBM PC compatibles. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 1988;20:206–217
- . Experimental and clinical neuropsychological measures of prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology. 1995;9:481–490
-
.
Apathy and neurobehavioral functioning in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive gay men.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1994;6:311
-
.
Neuropsychiatric functioning in subclinical hypothyroidism.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1995;7:408
-
.
Neurocognitive symptoms in multiple chemical sensitivity.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1999;11:163
- . Neuropsychological and oculomotor correlates of spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia patients and controls. Schizophr. Res. 1999;38:37–50
- . Deficits in multiple systems of working memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1997;26:1–10
- . The psychopathology, neuropsychology, and neurobiology of associative and working memory in schizophrenia. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1993;243:57–70
- . Cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia during auditory word and tone working memory demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1998;55:1097–1103
- . Working and strategic memory deficits in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology. 1998;12:278–288
- . Spatial working memory assessment by a visual–manual delayed response task: a controlled study in schizophrenia. Neurosci. Lett. 1999;275:9–12
- . Evidence for the involvement of orbitofrontal cortex in memory functions: an interference effect. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1982;96:913–925
-
.
Manual of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation; 1997;
- . Short-term retention in acute and chronic paranoid schizophrenics. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1973;82:220–225
PII: S0920-9964(01)00366-8
© 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Schizophrenia Research
Volume 59, Issue 2
, Pages 99-113
, 1 February 2003
