Schizophrenia Research
Volume 56, Issue 1 , Pages 67-74 , 1 July 2002

Smoking in schizophrenia — all is not biological

  • T.N. Srinivasan

      Affiliations

    • Sundaram Medical Foundation, 4th Avenue, Shanthi Colony, Anna Nagar West, Chennai 600 040, India
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Fax: +91-44-6263971
    • ,
  • R. Thara

      Affiliations

    • Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), Chennai 600 101, India

Received 30 September 2000 ,Accepted 2 January 2001.

References 

  1. Adler LE, Hoffer LD, Wiser A, Freedman R. Normalization of auditory physiology by cigarette smoking in schizophrenia patients. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1993;150:1856–1861
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  3. Breslau N, Peterson EL, Schultz LR, Chilcoat HD, Andreski P. Major depression and stages of smoking. A longtitudinal investigation. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1998;55:161–166
  4. Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR, Wagner EF. Cigarette smoking, major depression, and other psychiatric disorders among adolescents. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 1996;35:1602–1610
  5. Buckley PF. Substance abuse in schizophrenia: a review. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl. 3):26–30
  6. Chaturvedi HK, Phukan RK, Zoramtharga K, Hazarika NC, Mahanta J. Tobacco use in Mizoram, India: sociodemographic differences in pattern. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 1998;29:66–70
  7. Diwan A, Castine M, Pomerleau CS, Meador-Woodruff JH, Dalack GW. Differential prevalence of cigarette smoking in patients with schizophrenic vs mood disorders. Schizophr. Res. 1998;33:113–118
  8. El-Guebaly N, Hodgins DC. Schizophrenia and substance abuse: prevalence issues. Can. J. Psychiatry. 1992;37:704–710
  9. Forchuk C, Norman R, Malla A, Vos S, Martin ML. Smoking and schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 1997;4:355–359
  10. Glassman AH. Cigarette smoking: implications for psychiatric illness. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1993;150:546–553
  11. Goff DC, Henderson DC, Amico E. Cigarette smoking in schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and medication side effects. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1992;149:1189–1194
  12. Gupta PC, Mehta HC. Cohort study of all-cause mortality among tobacco users in Mumbai, India. Bull. WHO. 2000;78:877–883
  13. Hughes JR, Haksukami DK, Mitchell JE, Dahlgren LA. Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients. Am. J. Psyciatry. 1986;143:993–997
  14. Jeste DV, Gladsjo JA, Lindamer LA, Lacro JP. Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1996;22:413–430
  15. Khor, M., 1996. Smoking-related deaths soar in the south. Third World Network Features (Thu, 27 Jun 1996) Third World Network, Penang.
  16. Lawrie SM, Hutchinson JK, Sweeney SR, Fernando MR, McAdam CA, Monsour MR, et al. Psychosis and substance abuse: cause, effect or coincidence?. Scott. Med. J. 1995;40:174–176
  17. de Leon J, Dadvand M, Canuso C, White AO, Stanilla JK, Simpson GM. Schizophrenia and smoking: an epidemiological survey in a state hospital. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1995;152:453–455
  18. Leonard S, Adams C, Breese CR, Adler LE, Bickford P, Byerley W, et al. Nicotinic receptor function in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1996;22:431–445
  19. Lohr JB, Flynn K. Smoking and schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1992;8:93–102
  20. Nissel M, Homikos GG, Svensson TH. Nicotine dependence, midbrain dopamine systems and psychiatric disorders. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1995;76:157–162
  21. Norusis, M.J., 1992. SPSS for Windows: Base System User's Guide. Release 5.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago.
  22. Patton GC, Carlin JB, Coffey C, Wolfe R, Hibbert M, Bowes G. Depression, anxiety and smoking initiation: a prospective study over 3 years. Am. J. Public Health. 1998;88:1518–1522
  23. Sandyk R. Cigarette smoking: effects on cognitive functions and drug-induced parkinsonism in chronic schizophrenia. Int. J. Neurosci. 1993;70:193–197
  24. Thara R, Srinivasan TN. Outcome of marriage in schizophrenia. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 1997;32:416–420
  25. Venkatanarayan KM, Chadda SL, Hanson RL, Tandon R, Shekawat S, Fernandez RJ, et al. Prevalence and pattern of smoking in Delhi: cross-sectional study. BMJ. 1996;312:1576–1579
  26. Yunus M, Khan Z. A baseline study of tobacco use among the staff of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. J. R. Soc. Health. 1997;117:359–365

PII: S0920-9964(01)00187-6

doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00187-6

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 56, Issue 1 , Pages 67-74 , 1 July 2002

Article Tools