Schizophrenia Research
Volume 52, Issue 3 , Pages 195-201, 1 December 2001

Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder

  • M Trixler

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Ret u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel./fax: +36-723-10604
    • ,
  • T Tényi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Ret u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
    • ,
  • G Csábi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
    • ,
  • R Szabó

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Ret u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary

Received 16 March 2000; accepted 2 November 2000.

Abstract 

Objective. The prevalence of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) (prenatal errors of morphogenesis) was evaluated in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.

Method. A new modification of the Waldrop-scale was used to detect the presence or absence of 57 MPAs in 30 patients with schizophrenia, 30 with bipolar disorder, and in 30 matched normal controls.

Results. Patients with schizophrenia compared to normal controls had significantly higher rates of three minor malformations (furrowed tongue, flat occiput, primitive shape of ears) and those of one phenogenetic variant (wide distance between toes 1 and 2), and they also had a significantly higher rate of one minor malformation (primitive shape of ears), as compared to patients with bipolar disorder. In patients with bipolar disorder, furrowed tongue was significantly more common than in controls.

Conclusions. These results support an ‘early’ neuro-developmental model of schizophrenia.

Keywords:  Neuro-development, Minor physical anomalies, Clinical stigmata, Schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder

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PII: S0920-9964(00)00182-1

Schizophrenia Research
Volume 52, Issue 3 , Pages 195-201, 1 December 2001

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